Energy flow
The inputs vary. The output does not.
Three sources hand over to each other across the day. The electrolyser never notices.
Reading the chart
From 06:00 the concentrators drive the electrolyser directly and, by mid-morning, produce more than it can use. The surplus charges the under-panel fluid first and the sand battery second.
Around 18:00 direct solar ends. The fluid store takes the load for four to six hours; the sand battery follows and carries it through to about 04:00. The two hours before sunrise are the margin — the only hours not covered by the previous day's sun, and the hours the fuel cell and, in Year 1, a 50 kW grid tie are sized to cover.
The shape is modelled at Punjab irradiance for a 1 MW electrolyser. The MVP's job is to replace this curve with a measured one.
- 22hours/daymodelled
- 19%capacity utilisationmodelled
- 4–6hours post-sunsetmodelled
- 6–8hours backupmodelled
- 500–600 °Cstorage temperaturesupplier spec
- 95%electrolyser uptimemodelled

